About the lab
We are a research group at the Division of Molecular Metabolism at the Karolinska Institute, working on various aspects of mitochondrial biology. Mitochondria form an integral part of cellular metabolism with many metabolic pathways relying on or passing through mitochondria. Dysfunction of any of these metabolic pathways can have significant affects on human health. We are interested in understanding the connections between energy metabolism and cell function and how disturbances in this network affects an individual’s health. For this, we use a combination of model systems, ranging from the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, to patient-derived iPS cells, for detailed molecular and metabolic characterisation.
Anna Wredenberg recently received an ERC start-up grant. She is a Ragnar Söderberg fellow in Medicine and an MD at the Centre for inherited metabolic diseases at the Karolinska University Hospital. The centre is a specialised clinic for the diagnosis of inherited metabolic diseases and performs a range of molecular, bioenergetic and metabolic investigations on patients from all over Sweden. Modern diagnostic tools have dramatically increased our understanding of these diseases, and provide a unique opportunity to identify the molecular mechanisms of metabolic derangements. We work in close collaboration with the clinic to diagnose, validate and understand metabolic diseases.
Research
Mitochondria form a dynamic network in almost every eukaryotic cell, rapidly responding to a variety of cellular demands. Although mitochondria are predominantly known to perform the final steps of aerobic energy metabolism, they are essential for other processes as diverse as steroid and lipid metabolism, iron-sulphur cluster formation, calcium buffering, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation or apoptosis. Mitochondria are therefore seen as forming a central hub for cellular metabolism and understanding their role within the remaining metabolic network is essential for a variety of complex human diseases. For instance, mitochondrial dysfunction can be observed in several neurodegenerations, heart disease, diabetes mellitus and has been suggested to be a major contributor to the natural ageing process.
For this we use a range of model systems, including genetically modified fruit flies, to broaden our understanding of the molecular interactions that affect mitochondrial metabolism, both in health and disease.
Our research tries to identify the molecular consequences of metabolic derangements, by understanding how mitochondria function within the metabolic system. We also have a special focus on understanding the turnover of mitochondrial transcripts, and how changes in mitochondrial gene expression is regulated on a post-transcriptional level.
Mitochondria contain their own DNA, which is transcribed and translated within the mitochondrial network. Although several factors involved in mitochondrial RNA metabolism have already been identified, the mechanisms of what regulates their involvement in processing, modifying or degrading are still very sparse. With the help of genetically modified fruit fly models we study the molecular mechanisms that determine mitochondrial RNA metabolism and how they interact with mitochondrial translation.
Mitochondrial dysfunction can result in a range of rare inborn errors of metabolism (IEM), but has also been associated with a range of common diseases including cancer, heart failure, neurodegeneration, diabetes mellitus and natural ageing. The complexity and lack of understanding leaves many patients with IEMs undiagnosed. We work in close collaboration with the centre for inherited metabolic diseases at the Karolinska University Hospital to functionally validate novel gene variants identified in patients with IEM.
We combine several approaches, including analysing differentiated induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells or mutation-specific fly models to fully validate novel genetic variants from patients with IEM. By understanding the molecular, bioenergetic and proteomic alterations in IEM, we believe that we will gain a much better understanding of human metabolism in health and disease.
PI
MD, PhD
2007 PhD Karolinska Institutet
2009 Swedish Medical Licence
2010 – 2012 PostDoc Max-Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing
2019 – Consultant in Clinical Genetics | Karolinska University Hospital
2012 – Research Group Leader | Karolinska Institutet
Anna.Wredenberg@ki.se
PhD
2004 PhD University of Newcastle
2004 – 2008 PostDoc Karolinska Institutet
2008 – 2012 PostDoc Max-Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing
2012 – Karolinska University Hospital & Karolinska Institutet
PostDocs
PhD
2012 PhD Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
2012 – PostDoc Karolinska Institutet
PhD
2011 PhD Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
2012 – PostDoc Karolinska Institutet
Students
MSc
2014 MSc Stockholm University
2014 – PhD student Karolinska Institutet
2015 – Medical student Karolinska Institutet
MSc
MSc
2019 – MSc student at University Heidelberg
Frederik.Schmidt@ki.se
Alumni
2012 – 2013 Sarah Hempenstall – PostDoc | Leiden University Medical Center | The Netherlands
2014 – 2016 Olle Dahlberg – Scientist | Karolinska University hospital | Sweden
2014 – 2018 Aleksandra Pajak – Senior Laboratory Research Scientist | The Francis Crick Institute | UK
2014 – 2019 Camilla Maffezzini – PostDoc | Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit | San Raffaele Scientific Institute | Italy
Publications
Stranneheim, H., Lagerstedt-Robinson, K., Magnusson, M., Kvarnung, M., Nilsson, D., Lesko, N., Engvall, M., Anderlid, B-M., Arnell, H. et al. (2021) Integration of whole genome sequencing into a health care setting: High diagnostic rates across multiple clinical entities in 3219 rare disease patients. Genome Medicine Vol. 13:40 [LINK]
Schober, FA.*, Moore, M.*, Atanassov, I., Moedas, MF., Clemente, P., Végvári, Á., El Fissi, N., Filograna, R., Bucher, A-L., Hinze, Y., The, M., Hedman, E., Chernogubova, E., Begzati, A., Wibom, R., Jain, M., Nilsson, R., Käll, L., Wedell, A., Freyer, C.#, and Wredenberg, A.#. (2021) The One-Carbon Pool Controls Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism via Complex I and Iron-Sulfur Clusters. Science Advances Vol. 7, no. 8, eabf0717. LINK
Schober, FA.*, Atanassov, I.*, Moore, M., Calvo-Garrido, J., Moedas, MF., Wedell, A., Freyer, C.#, Wredenberg, A.# (2021) Direct proteome labelling in fruit flies with SILAF reveals differential phosphorylation of mitochondrial proteins upon loss of OXPHOS subunits- Molecular & Cellular Proteomics [in Press] LINK
Correia, SP.*, Moedas,MF.*, Naess, K., Bruhn, H., Maffezzini, C., Calvo-Garrido, J., Lesko, N., Wibom, R., Schober, FA., Jemt, A., Stranneheim, H., Freyer, C., Wedell, A.#, Wredenberg, A.#. (2021) Severe congenital lactic acidosis and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy caused by an intronic variant in NDUFB7. Human Mutation [in Press] LINK
Bruhn, H., Samuelsson, K., Schober, FA., Engvall, M., Lesko, N., Wibom, R., Nennesmo, I., Calvo-Garrido, J., Press, R., Stranneheim, H., Freyer, C., Wedell, A., Wredenberg, A. (2021) A novel mutation m.10372A>G in MT-ND3 causing sensorimotor axonal polyneuropathy. Neurology: Genetics [in Press]
Cipullo, M., Pearce, SF., Lopez Sanchez, IG., Gopalakrishna, S., Krüger, A., Schober, FA., Busch, JD., Li, X., Wredenberg, A., Atanassov, I., Rorbach, J. (2021) Human GTPBP5 is involved in the late stage of mitoribosome large subunit assembly. Nucleic Acids Res. 49(1):354-370. LINK
Naess, K., Bruhn, H., Stranneheim, H., Freyer, C., Wibom, R., Mourier, A., Engvall, M., Nennesmo, I., Lesko, N., Wredenberg, A., Wedell, A., von Döbeln, U. (2021) Clinical Presentation, Genetic Etiology and Coenzyme Q10 Level in 55 Children with Combined Enzyme Deficiencies of the Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain. The Journal of Pediatrics. vol 228:240-251.e2
LINK
Schober, FA., Atanassov, I., Freyer, C., Wredenberg, A. (2020) Quantitative Proteomics in Drosophila with Holidic Stable-Isotope Labeling of Amino Acids in Fruit Flies (SILAF). In: Minczuk M., Rorbach J. (eds) Mitochondrial Gene Expression. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2192:75-87 LINK
Stödberg, T.#, Magnusson, M., Lesko, N., Wredenberg, A., Martin Munoz, D., Stranneheim, H., Wedell, A.# (2020) SLC12A2 mutations cause NKCC1 deficiency with encephalopathy and impaired secretory epithelia. Neurology Genetics 6(4): e478 LINK
Alsina, D.*, Lytovchenko, O.*, Schab, A., Atanassov, I., Schober, FA., Jiang, M., Koolmeister, C., Wedell, A., Taylor, RW., Wredenberg, A., Larsson, N-G. (2020) FBXL 4 deficiency increases mitochondrial removal by autophagy. EMBO Mol Med. e11659 LINK
Maffezzini, C., Calvo-Garrido, J, Wredenberg, A.#, & Freyer, C.# (2020) Metabolic regulation of neurodifferentiation in the adult brain. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. LINK (Review)
Gopalakrishna, S.*, Pearce, S.F.*, Dinan, A.M., Schober, F.A., Cipullo, M., Spåhr, H., Khawaja, A., Maffezzini, C., Freyer, C., Wredenberg, A., Atanassov, I., Firth, A.E., Rorbach, J. (2019). C6orf203 is an RNA-binding protein involved in mitochondrial protein synthesis. Nucleic Acids Research. 47(17): 9386–9399 LINK
Pajak, A.*, Laine, I.*, Clemente, P., El-Fissi, N., Schober, F.A., Maffezzini, C., Calvo-Garrido, J., Wibom, R., Filograna, R., Dhir, A., Wedell, A., Freyer, C.#, Wredenberg, A.#. (2019). Defects of mitochondrial RNA turnover lead to the accumulation of double-stranded RNA in vivo. PLoS Genetics, 15(7): e1008240 LINK
Schober, F.A.*, Atanassov, I.*#, Moore, D., Wedell, A., Freyer, C.#, Wredenberg, A.# (2019) Versatile proteome labelling in fruit flies with SILAF. Preprint at: BioRxiv LINK
Maffezzini, C.*, Laine, I.*, Dallabona, C., Clemente, P., Calvo-Garrido, J., Wibom, R., Naess, K., Barbaro, M., Falk, A., Donnini, C., Freyer, C.#, Wredenberg, A.#, Wedell, A.# (2019) Mutations in the mitochondrial tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase cause growth retardation and progressive leukoencephalopathy. Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine, 7(6)e653 LINK
Olivé, M.*, Engvall, M.*, Ravenscroft, G.*, Cabrera-Serrano, M., Jiao, H., Bortolotti, C.A., Pignataro, M., Lambrughi, M., Jiang, H., Forrest, A.R.R., et al. (2019). Myoglobinopathy is an adult-onset autosomal dominant myopathy with characteristic sarcoplasmic inclusions. Nature Communications, 10(1):1396 LINK
Calvo-Garrido, J.*, Maffezzini, C.*, Schober, F.A., Clemente, P., Uhlin, E., Kele, M., Stranneheim, H., Lesko, N., Bruhn, B., Svenningsson, P., Falk, A., Wedell, A., Freyer, C.#, Wredenberg, A.#. (2019). SQSTM1/p62-directed metabolic reprogramming is essential for normal neurodifferentiation. Stem Cell Reports, 12(4):p696-711 LINK
Filograna, R., Koolmeister, C., Upadhyay, M., Pajak, A., Clemente, P., Wibom, R., Simard, M.L., Wredenberg, A., Freyer, C., Stewart, J.B., Larsson, N.-G. (2019). Modulation of mtDNA copy number ameliorates the pathological consequences of a heteroplasmic mtDNA mutation in the mouse. Science Advances, 5(4):eaav9824 LINK
Katsu-Jiménez, Y., Vázquez-Calvo, C., Maffezzini, C., Halldin, M., Peng, X., Freyer, C., Wredenberg, A., Giménez-Cassina, A., Wedell, A., Arnér, E.S.J. (2019). Absence of TXNIP in humans leads to lactic acidosis and low serum methionine linked to deficient respiration on pyruvate. Diabetes, 68(4):709-723 LINK
Richter, U., Evans, M.E., Clark, W.C., Marttinen, P., Shoubridge, E.A., Suomalainen, A., Wredenberg, A., Wedell, A., Pan, T., Battersby, B.J. (2018) RNA modification landscape of the human mitochondrial tRNALys regulates protein synthesis. Nature Communications, 9(1):3966 LINK
Paucar, M., Pajak, A., Freyer, C., Bergendal, Å., Döry, M., Laffita-Mesa, J.M., Stranneheim, H., Lagerstedt-Robinson, K., Savitcheva, I., Walker, R.H., Wedell, A., Wredenberg, A., Svenningsson, P. (2018) Chorea, psychosis, acanthocytosis, and prolonged survival associated with ELAC2 mutations. Neurology, pii:10.1212/WNL.0000000000006320 LINK
Freyer, C., Clemente, P. & Wredenberg, A. Mitochondrial RNA Turnover in Metazoa. in RNA Metabolism in Mitochondria (eds. Cruz-Reyes, J. & Gray, M. W.) 17–46 (Springer International Publishing, 2018). LINK
Herebian, D.*, Seibt, A.*, Smits, S.H.J., Bünning, G., Freyer, C., Prokisch, H., Karall, D., Wredenberg, A., Wedell,A., López, L.C., Mayatepek, E., Distelmaier, F. (2017) Detection of 6-demethoxyubiquinone in CoQ10 deficiency disorders: Insights into enzyme interactions and identification of potential therapeutics. Molecular Genetics and Metabolism, 121(3):216-223 LINK
Siibak, T.*, Clemente, P.*, Bratic, A., Bruhn, H., Kauppila, T.E.S., Macao, B., Schober, F.A., Lesko, N., Wibom, R., Naess, K., Nennesmo, I., Wedell, A., Peter, B., Freyer, C., Falkenberg, M.#, Wredenberg, A.# (2017). A multi-systemic mitochondrial disorder due to a dominant p.Y955H disease variant in DNA polymerase gamma. Human Molecular Genetics, 26 (13): 2515-2525 LINK
Tegelberg, S.*, Tomašić, N.*, Kallijärvi, J., Purhonen, J., Elmér, E., Lindberg, E., Gisselsson-Nord, D., Soller, M., Lesko, N., Wedell, A., Bruhn, H., Freyer, C., Stranneheim, H., Wibom, R., Nennesmo, I., Wredenberg, A., Eklund, E.A.#, Fellman, V#. (2017) Respiratory chain complex III deficiency due to mutated BCS1L: a novel phenotype with encephalomyopathy, partially phenocopied in a Bcs1l mutant mouse model. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases, 12(1): 73 LINK
Kauppila, J.H.K.*, Baines, H.L.*, Bratic, A., Simard, M.-L., Freyer, C., Mourier, A., Stamp, C., Filograna, R., Larsson, N.-G.#, Greaves, L.C.#, & Stewart, J.B.#. (2016). A phenotype-driven approach to generate mouse models with pathogenic mtDNA mutations causing mitochondrial disease. Cell Reports, 16(11): 2980-2990. LINK
Haack, T.B.*#, Ignatius, E.*, Calvo-Garrido, J.*, Iuso, A.*, Isohanni, P., Maffezzini, C., Lönnqvist, T., Suomalainen, A., Gorza, M., Kremer,L.S., Graf, E., Hartig, M., Berutti, R., Arce, M.P., Svenningsson, P., Stranneheim, H., Brandberg, G., Wedell, A., Kurian, M.A., Hayflick, S.A., Venco, P., Tiranti, V., Strom, T.M., Dichgans, M., Horvath, R., Holinski-Feder, E., Freyer, C., Meitinger, T., Prokisch, H.#, Senderek, J.#, Wredenberg, A.#, Carroll, C.J.#, & Klopstock, T.#. (2016). Absence of the Autophagy Adaptor SQSTM1/p62 Causes Childhood-Onset Neurodegeneration with Ataxia, Dystonia, and Gaze Palsy. American Journal of Human Genetics, 99(3):735–743 LINK
Bratic, A.*, Clemente, P.*, Calvo-Garrido, J., Maffezzini, C., Felser, A., Wibom, R., Wedell, A., Freyer, C.#, Wredenberg, A.# (2016). Mitochondrial polyadenylation is a one-step process required for mRNA integrity and tRNA maturation. PLoS Genetics, 12(5): e1006028. LINK
Gineste, C., Hernandez, A., Ivarsson, N., Cheng, A.J., Naess, K., Wibom, R., Lesko, N., Bruhn, H., Wedell, A., Freyer, C., Zhang, S.-J., Carlström, M., Lanner, J.T., Andersson, D.C., Bruton, J.D., Wredenberg, A.#, & Westerblad, H#. (2015). Cyclophilin D, a target for counteracting skeletal muscle dysfunction in mitochondrial myopathy. Human Molecular Genetics, 24(23): 6580-6587. LINK
Jemt, E., Persson, Ö., Shi, Y., Mehmedovic, M., Uhler, J.P., Dávila López, M., Freyer, C., et al. (2015). Regulation of DNA replication at the end of the mitochondrial D-loop involves the helicase TWINKLE and a conserved sequence element. Nucleic Acids Research, 43(19): 9262-9275. LINK
Bratic, A., Kauppila, T.E.S., Macao, B., Grönke, S., Siibak, T., Stewart, J.B., Baggio, F., Dols, J., Partridge, L., Falkenberg, M., Wredenberg, A.#, & Larsson, N.-G.# (2015). Complementation between polymerase- and exonuclease-deficient mitochondrial DNA polymerase mutants in genomically engineered flies. Nature Communications, 6: 8808. LINK
Clemente, P., Pajak, A., Laine, I., Wibom, R., Wedell, A., Freyer, C.#, & Wredenberg, A#. (2015). SUV3 helicase is requiredfor correct processing of mitochondrial transcripts. Nucleic Acids Research, 43(15): 7398–7413. LINK
Freyer, C.*, Stranneheim, H.*, Naess, K.*, Mourier, A., Felser, A., Maffezzini, C., Lesko, N., Bruhn, H., Engvall, M., Wibom, R., Barbaro, M., Hinze, Y., Magnusson, M., Andeer, R., Zetterström, R.H., von Döbeln, U., Wredenberg, A.#, & Wedell, A.# (2015). Rescue of primary ubiquinone deficiency due to a novel COQ7 defect using 2,4-dihydroxybensoic acid. Journal of Medical Genetics, 52(11): 779–783. LINK
Kishita, Y.*, Pajak, A.*, Bolar, N.A*., Marobbio, C.M.T.*, Maffezzini, C., Miniero, D.V., Monné, M., Kohda, M., Stranneheim, H., Murayama, K., Naess, K., Lesko, N., Bruhn, H., Mourier, A., Wibom, R., Nennesmo, I., Jespers, A., Govaert, P., Ohtake, A., Van Laer, L., Loeys, B.L., Freyer, C., Palmieri, F.#, Wredenberg, A.#, Okazaki, Y.#, & Wedell, A.# (2015). Intra-mitochondrial Methylation Deficiency Due to Mutations in SLC25A26. American Journal of Human Genetics, 97(5): 761–768. LINK
Acuna-Hidalgo, R., Schanze, D., Kariminejad, A., Nordgren, A., Kariminejad, M.H., Conner, P., Grigelioniene , G., Nilsson, D., Nordenskjöld , M., Wedell, A., Freyer, C., Wredenberg, A., et al. (2014). Neu-Laxova syndrome is a heterogeneous metabolic disorder caused by defects in enzymes of the L-serine biosynthesis pathway. American Journal of Human Genetics, 95(3): 285–293. LINK
Stranneheim, H., Engvall, M., Naess, K., Lesko, N., Larsson, P., Dahlberg, M., Andeer, R., Wredenberg, A., Freyer, C., et al. (2014). Rapid pulsed whole genome sequencing for comprehensive acute diagnostics of inborn errors of metabolism. BMC Genomics, 15(1): 1090. LINK
Wredenberg, A.*, Lagouge, M.*, Bratic, A.*, Metodiev, M.D., Spåhr, H., Mourier, A., et al. (2013). MTERF3 regulates mitochondrial ribosome biogenesis in invertebrates and mammals. PLoS Genetics, 9(1): e1003178. LINK
Hagström, E., Freyer, C., Battersby, B.J., Stewart, J.B., & Larsson, N.-G. (2013). No recombination of mtDNA after heteroplasmy. Nucleic Acids Research, 42(2): 1111-1116. LINK
Milenkovic, D., Matic, S., Kühl, I., Ruzzenente, B., Freyer, C., Jemt, E., et al. (2013). TWINKLE is an essential mitochon- drial helicase required for synthesis of nascent D-loop strands and complete mtDNA replication. Human Molecular Genetics, 22(10): 1983–1993. LINK
Ross, J.M.*, Stewart, J.B.*, Hagström, E., Brené, S., Mourier, A., Coppotelli, G., Freyer, C., et al. (2013). Germline mito- chondrial DNA mutations aggravate ageing and can impair brain development. Nature, 501(7467): 412-415. LINK
Freyer, C., Cree, L.M., Mourier, A., Stewart, J.B., Koolmeister, C., Milenkovic, D., et al. (2012). Variation in germline mtDNA heteroplasmy is determined prenatally but modified during subsequent transmission. Nature Genetics, 44(11): 1282–1285. LINK
Ruzzenente, B., Metodiev, M.D., Wredenberg, A., Bratic, A., Park, C.B., Cámara, Y., et al. (2012). LRPPRC is necessary for polyadenylation and coordination of translation of mitochondrial mRNAs. The EMBO Journal, 31(2): 443–456. LINK
Ameur, A.*, Stewart, J.B.*, Freyer, C., Hagström, E., Ingman, M., Larsson, N.-G., & Gyllensten, U. (2011). Ultra-deep sequencing of mouse mitochondrial DNA: mutational patterns and their origins. PLoS Genetics, 7(3): e1002028. LINK
Bratic, A.*, Wredenberg, A.*, Grönke, S., Stewart, J.B., Mourier, A., Ruzzenente, B., et al. (2011). The bicoid stability factor controls polyadenylation and expression of specific mitochondrial mRNAs in Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS Genetics, 7(10): e1002324. LINK
Freyer, C., Park, C.B., Ekstrand, M., Shi, Y., Khvorostova, J., Wibom, R., et al. (2010). Maintenance of respiratory chain function in mouse hearts with severely impaired mtDNA transcription. Nucleic Acids Research, 38(19): 6577–6588. LINK
Aydin, J., Andersson, D.C., Hänninen, S. L., Wredenberg, A., Tavi, P., Park, C.B., et al. (2009). Increased mitochondrial Ca2+ and decreased sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ in mitochondrial myopathy. Human Molecular Genetics, 18(2): 278–288. LINK
Edgar, D.*, Shabalina, I.G.*, Cámara, Y., Wredenberg, A., Calvaruso, M.A., Nijtmans, L., et al. (2009). Random point mutations with major effects on protein-coding genes are the driving force behind premature aging in mtDNA mutator mice. Cell Metabolism, 10(2): 131–138. LINK
Naess, K., Freyer, C., Bruhn, H., Wibom, R., Malm, G., Nennesmo, I., et al. (2009). MtDNA mutations are a common cause of severe disease phenotypes in children with Leigh syndrome. Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta, 1787(5): 484–490. LINK
Stewart, J.B., Freyer, C., Elson, J.L., & Larsson, N.-G. (2008a). Purifying selection of mtDNA and its implications for understanding evolution and mitochondrial disease. Nature Reviews. Genetics, 9(9), 657–662. LINK
Stewart, J.B., Freyer, C., Elson, J.L., Wredenberg, A., Cansu, Z., Trifunovic, A., & Larsson, N.-G. (2008b). Strong purifying selection in transmission of mammalian mitochondrial DNA. PLoS Biology, 6(1): e10. LINK
Freyer, C., & Larsson, N.-G. (2007). Is energy deficiency good in moderation? Cell, 131(3): 448–450. LINK
Wredenberg, A., Freyer, C., Sandström, M.E., Katz, A., Wibom, R., Westerblad, H., & Larsson, N.-G. (2006). Respiratory chain dysfunction in skeletal muscle does not cause insulin resistance. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 350(1): 202–207. LINK
Trifunovic, A., Hansson, A., Wredenberg, A., Rovio, A.T., Dufour, E., Khvorostov, I., et al. (2005). Somatic mtDNA mutations cause aging phenotypes without affecting reactive oxygen species production., 102(50): 17993–17998. LINK
Trifunovic, A., Wredenberg, A., Falkenberg, M., Spelbrink, J.N., Rovio, A.T., Bruder, C.E., et al. (2004). Premature ageing in mice expressing defective mitochondrial DNA polymerase. Nature, 429(6990): 417–423. LINK
Wredenberg, A., Wibom, R., Wilhelmsson, H., Graff, C., Wiener, H.H., Burden, S.J., et al. (2002). Increased mitochondrial mass in mitochondrial myopathy mice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 99(23), 15066–15071. LINK
Graff, C., Wredenberg, A., Silva, J.P., Bui, T.H., Borg, K., & Larsson, N.-G. (2000). Complex genetic counselling and prenatal analysis in a woman with external ophthalmoplegia and deleted mtDNA. Prenatal Diagnosis, 20(5): 426–431.
Tollbäck, A., Eriksson, S., Wredenberg, A., Jenner, G., Vargas, R., Borg, K., & Ansved, T. (1999). Effects of high resistance training in patients with myotonic dystrophy. Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 31(1): 9–16.
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Division of Molecular Metabolism
Dept. of Medical Biochemistry & Biophysics
Solnavägen 9 | 171 65 Stockholm | Sweden